Raj kumar Bhakthavachalam

1.What is a manifest? What type of file is it? What is its purpose? Manifest is app configuration file which provides declarative way to define app push options. Manifest is a YAML file. Used for deployment of apps in CF. 2. How do you create a manifest? cf  create-app-manifest APP_NAME  [-p pathtofile]  - Create an app manifest for an app that has been pushed successfully 3. If I specify a command in a manifest and on the command line what happens? If application build pack need app owner to specify the command to start an application. It overrides the build pack start command. 4. What happens if I don’t specify a deployment option at all? App will be installed with cf defaults i.e. default instances as 1, disk memory as 1GB, RAM as 512MB, default routes etc..

What is an application security group (ASG)? What does it do? Application Security Groups (ASGs) are a collections of egress rules that specify the protocols, ports, and IP address ranges where app or task instances send traffic.  The platform sets up rules to filter and log outbound network traffic from app and task instances. ASGs apply to both buildpack-based and Docker-based apps and tasks. Types of ASG's:   Default : public_networks, dns   Staging vs Staging   Platform-wide vs Space Scope Typical ASG's: ASG For access to dns DNS, either public or private public-networks Public networks, excluding IaaS metadata endpoints private-networks Private networks in accordance with  RFC-1918 load-balancers The internal Cloud Foundry load balancer and others internal-proxies Internal proxies internal-databases Internal databases How do you define one? cf create-security-group SECURITY-GROUP PATH-TO-RULES-FILE RULES file eg. [ { "protocol": "icmp", "...

what is a log drain? Logs are treated as event stream in CF. CF executor with the help of Metron agent send the logs to Loggregator. Doppler is the responsible for forwarding the logs to different log drains i.e. system logs i.e. splunk, paper trail etc... Traffic controller publish the logs to developer terminal and websocket endpoint i.e. Firehose. Nozzles extract the logs form Firehose. How do you create one? By creating user provided service and assigning the log drain path. $ cf create-user-provided-service SERVICE-INSTANCE -l SYSLOG-URL $ cf bind-service YOUR-APP-NAME SERVICE-INSTANCE Why would you use it? To search, filter the logs, debug applications, create reports, find out top exceptions.  What is “Syslog”? System log

Cloud Foundry is the cloud native platform or PaaS i.e. Platform-as-a-service infrastructure which is basically PCF(Runtime & Middleware) + IaaS, where you just manage your application and data. Below diagram will help understanding it more. Deploying an application in IaaS vs PaaS IaaS deployment: 1. Provision a VM 2. Install application runtime 3. Deploy application 4. Configure load balancer 5. Configure SSL termination 6. Configure Service connectivity 7. Configure Firewall PaaS deployment: 1. cf push (CLI command), which will push your application and you do not need to take care of IaaS deployment steps. Scaling an application in IaaS vs PaaS IaaS: Same steps as deployment PaaS: cf scale Cloud Foundry  is the open source platform that you can deploy to run your apps on your own computing infrastructure, or deploy on IaaS like AWS, vSphere, or OpenStack. How cloud foundry works CF has subsystems that perform specialized tasks or functions. BOSH : creates and deploys VM's o...

Do you understand Cloud Foundry concepts like spaces, organizations, routes, services, domains, users, quotas? How do you login to Cloud Foundry? $ cf login [-a API_URL] [-u USERNAME] How do you deploy an application? What are three activities involved? $ cf push APP_NAME Can you remember the steps Cloud Foundry goes through when deploying applications? What components are involved? What is the difference between a public, private and hybrid cloud? What infrastructure does Cloud Foundry runs on? What is BOSH? Why is it useful? What is staging? What does it do? Do you know the difference between restarting, restaging and redeploying and application? How does each of these affect the services, environment-variables available on an application? What is meant by ephemeral? What are the design implications for an application? What are the 12 Factor Design patterns? Could you list each one from memory? Why does Cloud Foundry rely on environment-variables? Can you manage environment-variables...

The Pivotal Cloud Foundry Developer certification is designed to test and validate your proficiency with Pivotal Cloud Foundry in the following areas:  • Cloud Foundry concepts: (applications, buildpacks, manifest, organizations, spaces, domains, routes, services) • Cloud Foundry architecture  • Scaling • Logging and loggregator  • Blue Green Deployments • Application Autoscaler • Buildpacks  • Manifests / YAML • Environment variables • Services and User provided services • VCAP_SERVICES and VCAP_APPLICATION • Route services  • Continuous Delivery. Topics likely to be included on this exam:  • Platform-Operator-Benevolence (4%) • Pivotal-Cloud-Foundry-Intro (10%) • Logging-Scale-HA-Part1 (12%)  • Logging-Scale-HA-Part2 (8%) • Services (22%) • Mainfest (4%) • Application-Security-Groups (4%) • Log-Drains (4%) • Blue-Green (10%) • Applications-Autoscaler (2%) • Application-Performance-Monitor (4%) • Metrics (2%) • Buildpack (6%) • Continuous-Delivery (4%...

Pivotal Cloud Foundry Developer v1.7 Exam  The Pivotal Cloud Foundry Developer certification is designed to test and validate your proficiency with Pivotal Cloud Foundry in the following areas:  • Cloud Foundry concepts: (applications, buildpacks, manifest, organizations, spaces, domains, routes, services)  • Cloud Foundry architecture  • Scaling  • Logging and loggregator  • Blue Green Deployments  • Application Autoscaler  • Buildpacks  • Manifests / YAML  • Environment variables  • Services and User provided services  • VCAP_SERVICES and VCAP_APPLICATION  • Route services  • Continuous Delivery.  Topics likely to be included on this exam:  • Platform-Operator-Benevolence (2%)  • Pivotal-Cloud-Foundry-Intro (12%)  • Logging-Scale-HA-Part1 (14%)  • Logging-Scale-HA-Part2 (8%)  • Services (24%) • Mainfest (4%)  • Application-Security-Groups (4%)  • Log-Drains (2%) • Blue-Green (...

Route Services What is a route service? Route Services are a kind of Marketplace Service that developers can use to apply various transformations to application requests by binding an application’s route to a service instance. Why might you create a route service? Can you think of some examples? Provide transformation or processing to requests before/after they reach an application Examples: Authentication Rate limiting Logging Caching Transformation How would you create a route service? cf create-user-provided-service SERVICE-INSTANCE -r ROUTE-SERVICE-URL cf bind-route-service [domain-name] [route-service-name] --hostname [target-hostname] How does a route service work? Binding a service instance to a route associates the  route_service_url  with the route in the Cloud Foundry router. All requests for the route are proxied to the URL specified by  route_service_url How does a route service know where to send a request once it has performed its function? With the Headers ...

Continuous Delivery What is Continuous Integration? Continuous Delivery? Continuous Deployment? Continuous Delivery - build software so that it can be released to production at any time How does Continuous Delivery compare to traditional development methodologies? Waterfall application delivery - high risk. Low feedback CD - several smaller deployments reduce risk but increase feedback Can you name some common Continuous Delivery tools? Can you outline the basic workflow behind Continuous Delivery? Dev push to repo CD provider poll for changes CD provider run build and tests CD provider start feedback loop to actor CD provider push artifact to binary repo CD provider pull artifact from binary repo CD provider push artifact to environment CD provider run more tests on environment pluralsight recap What are some of the continuous delivery strategies we talked about? Implement continuous integration Don't create application environment specific packages Blue-Green deployments Does con...

Service Brokers What is a service broker? A component of the service which implements the service broker API. This component advertise a catalog of service offerings and service plans, as well as interpreting calls for provision (create), bind, unbind, and deprovision (delete). Why do we need service brokers? To make the service available in marketplace for the apps running in CloudFoundry. How do a service broker and the Cloud Controller intercooperate? The basic auth username and password which are provided when adding a broker are encrypted in Cloud Controller database, and used by the Cloud Controller to authenticate with the broker when making all API calls. What is the purpose of each broker endpoint? Catalog Endpoint - makes the plans in the service available for users. Auth Endpoint - enables Cloud Controller to authenticate the service broker with Username and password. In general terms, how would you write your own service broker? How would you test it? How would you deploy i...

Buildpacks What is a buildpack? Why are they important? a combination of scripts that assembles runtimes, containers, frameworks, and your application into a droplet. droplets run inside PCF containers, which run inside Execution Agents (Cell VMs). build packs are responsible for preparing the machine image for an application Can you name some buildpacks? Official: Binary Go Java .Net Core Node.js PHP Python Ruby Staticfile buildpack                    position   enabled   locked   filename staticfile_buildpack         1          true      false    staticfile_buildpack-cached-v1.4.20.zip java_buildpack               2          true      false    java-buildpack-offline-v4.5.zip ruby_buildpack               3...

What is "PCF Metrics"? What information does it provide? PCF built-in metrics information Container metrics: CPU, memory, disk % HTTP metrics: requests per second, HTTP errors per second, request latency App events: create, update, start, stop, and crash Do you understand how to use the metrics to spot a badly performing application? For example: CPU or memory usage? Set up a custom chart to monitor the application performance (or) Highlight the CPU Utilization spike keyword in the logs and debug the application to resolve what is causing the spike. pluralsight recap What might a spike in memory indicaate when using PCF metrics? It might mean a resource leak in the code